rs6923761 gene variant in glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor: Allelic frequencies and influence on cardiovascular risk factors in a multicenter study of Castilla-Leon.

BACKGROUND: Some GLP-1 receptor studies have identified polymorphisms in the GLP-1 receptor gene that might be related to different cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the allelic distribution of rs6923761 GLP-1 receptor polymorphism in a geographic area of Spain (Community of Castilla y Leon) and to evaluate the influence of this polymorphism on obesity anthropometric parameters and cardiovascular risk factors in the fasted state in obese patients. DESIGN: A sample of 341 obese subjects (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) was analyzed. Fasting blood glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid profile were determined. Anthropometric parameters, dietary intake and blood pressure were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and forty three patients (42.0%) had the genotype GG (wild-type group) and one hundred and ninety eight (58.0%) patients were A carriers: GA (164 patients, 48.1%) or AA (34 patients, 9.9%) (mutant-type group). Valladolid and Segovia health areas had the lowest percentage of wild type genotype and G allelic (than other Health Areas). Burgos Health Area had a higher percentage of wild-type genotype. In wild-type group (GG genotype), BMI (0.9 ± 1.3 kg/m2; p < 0.05), weight (3.3 ± 1.1 kg; p < 0.05), fat mass (2.5 ± 1.1 kg; p < 0.05), waist to hip ratio (0.02 ± 0.005 cm; p < 0.05), waist circumference (2.8 ± 1.1 cm; p < 0.05), triglycerides (14.4 ± 3.3 mg/dl; p < 0.05) insulin (3.1 ± 1.0 mg/dl; p < 0.05) and HOMA-IR (1.2 ± 0.9 mg/dl; p < 0.05) were higher than A allele carriers. In non A allele carriers, lower HDL cholesterol levels than A allele carriers (6.4 ± 2.3 mg/dl; p < 0.05) were found. CONCLUSION: Data from our study revealed different allelic distribution in this geographic area, with better parameters (Body mass index, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA-IR and HDL cholesterol) in A allele carriers than in non A allele carriers.

Polymorphism Ala54Thr of fatty acid-binding protein 2: Allelic frequencies and influence on cardiovascular risk factors in a multicenter study of Castilla y Leon.

BACKGROUND: A transition of guanin to alanin at codon 54 of the fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene (FABP2) results in an amino acid substitution (Ala54 to Thr54). This polymorphism was associated with some cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of the Thr54 polymorphism in the FABP2 gene on obesity anthropometric parameters and cardiovascular risk factors in the fasted state in obese subjects and the allelic distribution of this polymorphism in a geographic area of Spain. DESIGN: A population of 264 obese subjects was analyzed in a cross-sectional study from all health centers of Castilla y Leon (Spain). A nutritional and biochemical evaluation was performed. The statistical analysis was performed for the combined Ala54/Thr54 and Thr54/Thr54 genotype as a dominant model. RESULTS: The mean age was 41.1 ± 13.1 years and the mean BMI 36.5 ± 5.9, with 94 males (35.6%) and 170 females (74.4%). One hundred and fifty-three subjects (58%) had the genotype Ala54/Ala54 (wild-type group) and 111 (42%) participants had the genotype Ala54/Thr54 (n = 92, 34.8%) or Thr54/Thr54 (n = 19, 7.2%) (mutant-type group). The health area of Valladolid had a lower frequency of wild-type genotype and Ala54 allelic frequency than all the other health areas of Castilla y Leon. C-reactive protein was higher in the mutant-type than the wild-type group (3.4 ± 5.6 vs. 7.9 ± 10.4 mg/dl; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The finding of this study is the association of the Thr54/Ala54 and Thr54/Thr54 FABP2 phenotypes with higher levels of C-reactive protein without relation to insulin resistance. Frequencies of this polymorphism are different among health areas of Castilla y Leon.

Polymorphism Trp64Arg of beta 3 adrenoreceptor gene: allelic frequencies and influence on insulin resistance in a multicenter study of Castilla-León.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The genetic variant (Trp64Arg) is a missense mutation located within the beta3 adrenoreceptor (Beta3AR). The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Trp64Arg polymorphism in the Beta3AR gene on insulin resistance in obese patients and the allelic distribution of this polymorphismin a geographic area of Spain. DESIGN: A population of 264 obese patients was analyzed. A bioimpedance, blood pressure, an assessment of nutritional intake, and biochemical parameters were measured. The beta 3 adrenoreceptor gene polymorphism(Trp64Arg) was genotyped. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty six patients (77 males/149 females) (85.6%) had the genotype Trp64/Trp64 (wild type group) with and average age of 41.12 +/- 13.1 years and 38 patients (16 males/22 females) Trp64/Arg64 (14.4%) (mutant type group) with an average age of 40.5 +/- 12.7 years. High frequencies of Arg64 allele were observed in Salamanca and Valladolid. In the mutant type group, HOMA (3.75 +/- 2.77 vs 5.27 +/- 5.4; p < 0.05) was higher than wild type group. CONCLUSION: The finding of this study is the association of the Trp64/Arg64 Beta3AR with higher levels of HOMA. Frequencies of this polymorphism are different among geographic areas.

Polymorphism Trp64Arg of beta 3 adrenoreceptor gene: allelic frequencies and influence on insulin resistance in a multicenter study of Castilla-León / Polimorfismo TRP64ARG del gen receptor beta 3: frecuencia alélica e influencia en la resistencia a la insulina en un estudio multicéntrico de Castilla y León

Background and objective: The genetic variant (Trp64Arg) is a missense mutation located within the beta3 adrenoreceptor (Beta3AR). The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Trp64Arg polymorphism in the Beta3AR gene on insulin resistance in obese patients and the allelic distribution of this polymorphismin a geographic area of Spain. Design: A population of 264 obese patients was analyzed. A bioimpedance, blood pressure, an assessment of nutritional intake, and biochemical parameters were measured. The beta 3 adrenoreceptor gene polymorphism(Trp64Arg) was genotyped. Results: Two hundred and twenty six patients (77 males/149 females) (85.6%) had the genotype Trp64/Trp64 (wild type group) with and average age of 41.12 ± 13.1 years and 38 patients (16 males/22 females) Trp64/Arg64 (14.4%) (mutant type group) with an average age of 40.5 ± 12.7 years. High frequencies of Arg64 allele were observed in Salamanca and Valladolid. In the mutant type group, HOMA (3.75 ± 2.77 vs 5.27 ± 5.4; p < 0.05) was higher than wild type group. Conclusion: The finding of this study is the association of the Trp64/Arg64 Beta3AR with higher levels of HOMA. Frequencies of this polymorphism are different among geographic areas (AU)

Introducción y objetivos: La variante genética (Trp64Arg) es una mutación localizada en el adrenoreceptor Beta 3 (Beta3AR). El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es evaluar la influencia de el polimorfismo Trp64Arg del gen de Beta3AR sobre la resistencia a la insulina en pacientes obesos, así como la distribución alélica de este polimorfismo en un área geográfica de España. Diseño: Una muestra de 264 pacientes obesos fue analizada. Se realizó una bioimpedancia, evaluación nutricional y análisis bioquímico. Se genotiparon a los pacientes en función delpolimorfismos Tr64Arg del gen adrenoreceptor-beta 3. Resultados: Un total de 227 pacientes (77 varones/149 mujeres) (85,6%) presentaron el genotipo Trp64/Trp64 (grupo genotipo salvaje), con una media de edad de 41,12 ± 13,1 años y un total de 38 pacientes (16 varones/22 mujeres) Trp64/Arg64 (14,4%) (grupo genotipo mutante) con una edad media de 40,5 ± 12,7 años. Se detectó una alta frecuencia alélica (Arg64) en las áreas de Salamanca y Valladolid. En el grupo mutante, la resistencia a la insulina (HOMA) (3,75 ± 2,77 vs 5,27 ± 5.4; p < 0,05) fue más alta que en grupo con genotipo salvaje. Conclusion: Existe una asociación entre el genotipo mutante del polimorfismo Trp64/Arg64. Las frecuencias alélicas del polimorfismo son diferentes en función de la áreas de salud (AU)

[Hormones used as ergogenics: present state of the question]. / Hormonas utilizadas como agentes ergogénicos: situación actual del problema.

Sporting competition in our society has become the spectacle that mobilises and brings together the greatest number of people throughout the world, with the corresponding cultural and economic influence that this implies. As a result, the desire for athletic prowess has led sportspersons to undergo intense training programs and to consume substances that improve their performance, at times having recourse to doping techniques. At present, doping is the result of a combination of social, individual, physiological and cultural factors, which affect not only professional, but also amateur sportspeople. In order for the control and eradication of doping to be efficient, it is necessary to understand the problem and the substances that are most employed, amongst which special mention is merited by hormonal substances due to the complexity of detecting them and their possible repercussions on health.

Hormonas utilizadas como agentes ergogénicos: situación actual del problema / Hormones used as ergogenics: present state of the question

En nuestra sociedad, la competición deportiva se haconvertido en el espectáculo que moviliza y reúnemayor número de personas en todo el mundo, con lacorrespondiente influencia cultural y económica que deello deriva. Por lo que, los deseos de superación atléticahan llevado a los deportistas a practicar intensos programasde entrenamiento y a recurrir al consumo de sustanciasque mejoren su rendimiento, incurriendo en ocasionesen técnicas de dopaje. Actualmente, el dopaje esel resultado de una combinación de factores sociales,individuales, fisiológicos y culturales, que afecta no sóloa los deportistas profesionales, sino también a los deportistasaficionados. Para que su control y erradicación seaeficaz, es necesario un conocimiento del problema y delas sustancias más utilizadas, dentro de las cuales merecenespecial atención las sustancias hormonales por sucompleja detección y sus posibles repercusiones sobrela salud

Sporting competition in our society has become ;;the spectacle that mobilises and brings together the ;;greatest number of people throughout the world, ;;with the corresponding cultural and economic influence ;;that this implies. As a result, the desire for athletic ;;prowess has led sportspersons to undergo ;;intense training programs and to consume substances ;;that improve their performance, at times ;;having recourse to doping techniques. At present, ;;doping is the result of a combination of social, individual, ;;physiological and cultural factors, which ;;affect not only professional, but also amateur sportspeople. ;;In order for the control and eradication of ;;doping to be efficient, it is necessary to understand ;;the problem and the substances that are most ;;employed, amongst which special mention is merited ;;by hormonal substances due to the complexity of ;;detecting them and their possible repercussions on ;;health

Patología tiroidea durante el embarazo / Thyroid pathology during pregnancy

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